All material shown or referred to is based on the same text, but may have
been individually changed, whereby the PDF-Text below is the most updated
version.
The Book in PDF
|
Black & White Edition in
U.S.A
Arctic
Heats Up.
Spitsbergen 1919 to 1939
|
Colored Edition in Europe
How
Spitsbergen Heats the World
The Arctic Warming 1919-1939
|
| Ca.116 pages and 100
b/w figures. More details in right column. |
Ca. 116 pages and 100
color figures. Details see column. |
| |
The ‘Special Pages’ are not integrated
in the HMTL presentation below.
The list refer to papers since 2007.
For earlier papers (1992 to 2006)
see: www.oceanclimate.de
Climate Change since the mid 20th Centrury July 2008; ca. 12 pages
A Large-Scale Experiment with Climate - The Extreme Winter of 1939/40 and Climate Research -
Europe suddenly experienced its coldest winter in more than 100 years. Since the 19th century, winters had become successively milder. "The present century has been marked by such a widespread tendency towards mild winters that the 'old-fashioned winters', of which one had heard so much, seemed to have gone for ever. The sudden arrival at the end of 1939 of what was to be the beginning of a series of cold winters was therefore all the more surprising," reported the British scientist A. J. Drummond in the QJoR Met. Society as early as 1943. But neither he nor climate researchers in general went searching for the cause. This article explores the possible reasons.
Further information:
Maritime Policy May 2008; ca. 10 pages
"Ocean Governance" - A subject the maritime industry should pay attention to? -
The paper aims at presenting the novel issue 'ocean governance' concerning its background, basics, current situation, and future impact that shall lead to a consideration what position, or part the maritime industry should envisage to play. As 'ocean governance' implies for a comprehensive involvement of all sectors of society, education and capacity building, the maritime industry can continue doing business as usually, or to strive being an active, if not leading part in this field, whereby the traditional maritime training institutions should be the spear head, based on the demands and support by the maritime industry.
Further information:
- Presented at: 1st International Ship-Port-Interface Conference - ISPIC 2008 - 19-21 May 2008, Bremen.
- Published in: W. Wittig; Prieser C., ed; "The Human Element at the Ship/Port Interface", 2008, Kiel, pp. 63-77.
Related material:
Arctic Climate July 2007; ca. 10 pages
Can the "Big Warming" at Spitsbergen from 1918 to 1940 be explained?
The paper demonstrates that the location and the timing of the first observed arctic warming in the early 20th Century can be identified with high precision. We will prove that the warming phenomenon started at Spitsbergen and, even more, that it started within a very short time frame of only a few months, in 1918. Therefore, the most dramatic air temperature increase was recorded in the winter of 1918/19 and lasted in force only until ca. 1922. Over a very short period of time, from the winter of 1915/16 to the winter of 1921/22, winter temperatures had risen by about 10ºC, never coming back to pre 1918/19 level, but increasing at a lower level until ca. 1940.
Further information:
- Presented at: PACON 2007, 20th Conference: Ocean Observing Systems and Marine Environment Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007.
- Published: PACON 2007 Proceedings, Honolulu, Hawaii. PACON International,. CD-ROM.; Pages: 325-337.
Related material:
|
Book details
U.S.A. Edition in B/W
Details will be presented soon
Europe Edition in Color
- About the book
The ice in the polar region is melting away at an unprecedented speed during the last decade. Is the Arctic screaming? Is a tipping point reached? Is the ice melting apocalyptic? Indeed, during the last 150 years the sea ice retreat has never been as severe as in recent years. But, what is the cause? Was the current warming set in motion by the early Arctic warming which started since the late 1910s, and lasted from 1919 to 1939?
The book will provide astonishing, but important answers. Actually, the extraordinary warming in the polar region, since 1919, was not an Arctic, but a Spitsbergen warming. The study shows that it is possible to set with precision the location and timing of the warming. Available information of the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Iceland, North Europe, and Russia are analyzed in order to establish with accuracy, where and when the warming appeared, and by which magnitude. After all, the warming lasted for two decades and was in 1938 as high as currently. Thus, the investigation provides a unique picture on the knowledge about the Arctic impact on the climate.
This work elaborates historical and resent research papers comprehensively and discusses them in such detail that seems no longer possible to assume that the earlier Arctic warming is due to "natural variability". Calling the ice melting an: "Apocalypse Now", should be met with reservation, as long as the first Arctic warming
from 1919 to 1939 is not thoroughly understood. With the material and information presented, the climate change debate will be enhanced with astonishing new aspects.
- Publisher
The ice in the polar region is melting away at an unprecedented speed during the last decade. Is the Arctic screaming? Is a tipping point reached? Is the ice melting apocalyptic? Indeed, during the last 150 years the sea ice retreat has never been as severe as in recent years. But, what is the cause? Was the current warming set in motion by the early Arctic warming which started since the late 1910s, and lasted from 1919 to 1939?
The book will provide astonishing, but important answers. Actually, the extraordinary warming in the polar region, since 1919, was not an Arctic, but a Spitsbergen warming. The study shows that it is possible to set with precision the location and timing of the warming. Available information of the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Iceland, North Europe, and Russia are analyzed in order to establish with accuracy, where and when the warming appeared, and by which magnitude. After all, the warming lasted for two decades and was in 1938 as high as currently. Thus, the investigation provides a unique picture on the knowledge about the Arctic impact on the climate.
This work elaborates historical and resent research papers comprehensively and discusses them in such detail that seems no longer possible to assume that the earlier Arctic warming is due to "natural variability". Calling the ice melting an: "Apocalypse Now", should be met with reservation, as long as the first Arctic warming
from 1919 to 1939 is not thoroughly understood. With the material and information presented, the climate change debate will be enhanced with astonishing new aspects.
- Order; ca. Price
· Via major internet book shops
· ISBN 978-3-8370-9524-1
· About Euro 19,80
- Acknowledgement
This book would not have been possible without the invaluable help and commitment from Angela
Boartes. The liaison commenced in 2006 and includes the care for the websites www.whatisclimate.com
and www.arctic-warming.com. Arctic warming became the first big challenge by preparing a conference
paper for PACON 2007/Honolulu and a website, and Angela supported it greatly. When it was decided to
present the complex matter in great detail and underline the text with explanatory images, Angela and her
team showed high professionalism and willingness. It made the research, the elaborating of material, and
the writing a smooth and enjoyable undertaking. Angela also undertook all the formatting and publication
procedure. With appreciation I express my very cordial thanks.
Arnd Bernaerts/February 2009
- Note about the Editions
The various website and book presentations are
all based on the same text. However some
differences may occur due to changes and
modification, which will not always be done to
all available versions, or not at the same time,
or it is not reasonable possible. The version to
be regarded as the most updated text are the
PDF-files of the Europe Color Edition at the
Home-Page, left column.
- About us
Access to previous Material
Access to related sites
Recent papers since 2007
20th PACON Conf. 2007
"CAN THE "BIG WARMING" AT SPITSBERGEN
FROM 1918 to 1940 BE EXPLAINED?"
CD-ROM. Pages: 325-337.
DOC PDF
Annex
Annex B I - Colored Sea Ice graphs 1910-1919
Annex F - Air Temp. 1912-1930; North Atlantic Region.
Annex G - Annual Mean Temp
General Material
- April Sea Ice Cover 1910 -1919.
- January & February Temperatures 1912 to 1930 at various stations.
- Annual Mean Temperatures from ca. 1880 to 1945 at various stations.
|
